pH�y��Ļ��ԭ��

��r�g��2008-06-11 14:48 ��Դ�� : ��x��1753

��ڴ_��W(xu��)��(y��ng)�^�̵��Ϥ��ϵ��y��¾��PH�y��

.ʲô��pH,��PH�y��(y��ng)ԓ֪��Щʲô,��

һ��v��pH�y��Á��_��ĳ�N��Һ��A��,��

��ˮ�м��,��ˮ��ȱ��ߣ��PHֵ��,��ˮ�м��A,��ˮ�ĉA�ȱ��ߣ��PHֵ��Á��ʾ��A�ȵĆ�λ,��

��(d��ng)�҂��vţ��“��”�Ļ��“��”�ĕr,��Ǵ_��ʾ��Ġ�r��@��҂��]��f��y��λ�͜y��ֵ,��(d��ng)�҂��vţ�̵Ĝض��10��,��t��һ��_�еĸ��ͬ�ӵĮ�(d��ng)�҂��v��pHֵ��5.2,��@Ҳ��һ��_�еĸ��,��

��и��N��Ӿ��в�ͬ��A��ȵ��͉A��磺�}��һ�N�܏��,��t��Á�_ϴ�۾��͂��ڣ�,��

�Q��ď��̶ȣ��Ҫ��x��Һ��x��Ķ��,��К��x��x��ĺ܏V��,��Єt�x��ĺ��١�

�}��֮��Գɞ鏊��,��ʹ��x�ӎ׺��ȫ�x��˳��,��

��֮��ᣬ��ֻ�к��ٚ��x��x��,��

��ʹ��W(xu��)��ˮҲ��΢��x�⣺��(y��n)��v,��ֻ��cˮ��ˮ��ǰ,��˲��ɑB(t��i)��ڡ�

H2O+H2O=H3O��+OH��

��ˮ�Ϛ��x�ӣ�H3O��ĝ�ȿ��c��x�ӣ�H��ȵ�ͬ��,��ʽ��Ժ��õ��ʽ��

H2O=H++OH��

��̎��Ě��x��˂��ڻ��W(xu��)�б�ʾ��“H+�x��”��“��”,��ˮ�Ϛ�˱�ʾ��“ˮ�Ϛ��x��”��ؓ(f��)�Ě��x�ӷQ��“��x��”,��

��|(zh��)��ö��,��ڼ�ˮ��x��ҵ�һƽ�ⳣ��(sh��)��Ա�ʾ��

K= H3O+· �ϣȣ�
H2O

��ˮֻ�ИO��x�⣬��ˮ�Ŀ˷��ӝ�Ȍ��H�Ϟ�һ��(sh��),��ƽ�ⳣ��(sh��)K��ˮ��x�ӷeKW,��

KW=K×H2O KW = H3O+·�ϣȣ�=10��7·10��7=10mol/l(25��)

Ҳ��f��һ��ˮ��25��r��10��7Ħ��H3O��x�Ӻ�10��7Ħ��ϣȣ��x��,��

��ô˿˷��ӝ��ؓ(f��)ڤָ��(sh��)�M��\��,��W(xu��)�ҝɂ�ɭ��Soernsen��1909�꽨�h��˲��ʹ�õĔ�(sh��)ֵ�Ì��(sh��)��棬��x��“ pHֵ”,��(sh��)�W(xu��)�϶��xpHֵ��x�ӝ�ȵĳ��Ì��(sh��)��ؓ(f��)ֵ,��

pH=��logH+

��(y��n)��v,�˹�ʽ��˚��x��(H+)�͚��x��(�ϣȣ�)�Ľ��,��x��g,늈��ʹ��x�ӵĻ��@��ˡ�Ҳ��f��x�ӵ��õĝ�ȣ��ȣ�߀�c��ܽ��x��P(gu��n),��

��磺��(d��ng)��x�ӝ�Ȟ�10-1Ħ��/1�r,��Փ��pHֵ��(y��ng)��1.0��҂�ֻ�y��pHֵ��1.08,��@��f��ϵ��(sh��)f≠1,��0.823��

Ҳ��f,��pHֵ�Ĵ_�ж��x��(y��ng)�飺pH

�y��Һ�Ĝض�ϵ��(sh��)��

��x�ӷe��ضȵ��ه�Ժ܏�,��ˮ��c��µķֲ��

0�� = pH

25�� = pH

75�� = pH

100�� = pH

��͉A��ˮϡጵģ�Ҳ�϶��pHֵ��ه�ڜضȵ��r,��

��ڏ��,��ˮ��x��Ӱ푞��㣬pHֵ��ֻ��x��Q��