��B(t��i)��u(p��ng)�r(ji��)��h(hu��n)��o(h��)(1)

��r(sh��)�g��2009-07-20 09:02 ��Դ��h(hu��n)��Ӱ��u(p��ng)�r(ji��)�� : ��x��429

1.��صĶ��x

��؎׺��Ǵ��ڵ��κβ��ֵ��Ҫ��^��,�� �(du��)��r(ji��)ֵ��J(r��n)�R(sh��)ֻ�ǽ�һ��ʮ��,��,�� (du��)��B(t��i)ϵ�y(t��ng)��о��՝u��࣬ ��(du��)��صĹ��Ҳ��h��ճ��о��͹��Ć��}��ʲô�ǝ��,�� P(gu��n)�ڝ��߀�]��һ��(g��)ȫ��繫�J(r��n)�Ķ��x,�� 锵(sh��)��Ďׂ�(g��)��ҵĿƌW(xu��)�Һ��(du��)��и��Ե��Ͷ��x��

��(Wetland)һ�~,�� Ķ��x��~��Ұ��(d��ng)��(U.S.Fish & Wildlife Service)��1956��һ��}�顶39̖(h��o)ͨ�桷�ĳ��,�� Ա��ؿƌW(xu��)�Һ͝�ع��l��ʹ�á�

��39̖(h��o)ͨ�桷��ض��x�鱻�gЪ�Ļ��õĜ\ˮ��w�ĵ͵�,��@Щ�͵�ͨ��в�ͬ��,��T��,��Marshes�� Swamps,�� Bogs,�� Wet Meadows��Potholes,��Sloughs ��River-Overflowlands��,��ͦˮֲ��@��c(di��n)�Ĝ\��ڃ�(n��i)��,��ˮ��ˮ��ˮ�w��ڃ�(n��i),��ˮ�̕��Ì�(du��)��ֲ��İl(f��)��û��С��õĵ؅^(q��)Ҳ��ǡ�

�@��(g��)��x��(qi��ng)�{(di��o)�\ˮ��w�ڝ��γ��е��(d��o)��,��L�ڻ��ஔ(d��ng)�L�r(sh��)�g�Ĝ\ˮ��w,�� γ��—��(Moist-soil)�� l(f��)��m��(y��ng)�@�N��ͦˮֲ��,��

�@��(g��)��x��޶ȵ؝M��˝�ع��ߺ͝�ؿƌW(xu��)�ҵ��Ҫ��~��Ұ��(d��ng)��1974�꾎��ˇ��ҝ��,�� 20�N��ͣ� ��Ҫ��ط�Ļ��A(ch��),��

��(n��i)ꑱ��̿��о��ļ��ô�ƌW(xu��)��ĝ�ض��x,��1979�꣬ �ڼ��ô��ҝ�ع��M��һ��ӑՓ��(hu��)��,��Zoltai�o��ض��x��“ ��ռ��(y��u)��(sh��),�� ڽ��(ji��)�Ķ��(sh��)��ˮλ�ӽ��^�V�|(zh��)�� L��ˮ��ֲ��”,��ͬһӑՓ��(hu��)��,��Tarnocai��ڼ��ô��䛺͔�(sh��)��(j��)��ĝ�ض��x.�@��(g��)��x�cZoltai�Ķ��x��“ ��؞�ˮλ�ӽ��ڵ��ģ� ��L�r(sh��)�g�ܴٳɝ��γɻ�ˮ��^�̵��ˮ͵�,�� ˮ��,��ˮ��ֲ��͸��m��(y��ng)��h(hu��n)��(d��ng)��”��

��ô��˵ĝ�ض��x��(du��)ˮ�ėl��͝��l��и��w�Ľ綨��@��,�� ص�“ ��”�_��ˮλ�ڵ��,�� L��̎��ˮ͠�B(t��i)��γ�ˮ��(Hydric soil),��Lˮ��ֲ��,��

�� C��Եĝ�ض��x��~��Ұ��(d��ng)��ֵĝ�ؿƌW(xu��)�ҽ�(j��ng)��꿼��֮��1979��õ�,��@��(g��)��x��һ��}�顶��غ��ˮ��ķ���Ĉ�(b��o)��,�� “ ��ϵ�y(t��ng)��ˮ��ϵ�y(t��ng)֮�g�^�ɵ��أ� ��@Щ��ϣ� ˮλ��(j��ng)��ڻ�ӽ��ر�,�� ?y��n)�\ˮ��w”,��M(j��n)һ��U��ر�횾߂��(g��)��е�һ��(g��)��һ��(g��)��ϣ�

��Ե��L��̎�ڃ�(y��u)��(sh��)��λ��ˮ��ֲ��,��

�ڻ��|(zh��)�Բ��Bˮ��ЙC(j��)�|(zh��)��Ӟ��,��

�ۻ��׷��|(zh��)��ˮ�͛],��ÿ��ֲ��L��(ji��)��ָ�ˮλ,��

�@һ��x��ҕ��ꑵص�ˮ�w��^�ɲ��֡��x��(qi��ng)�{(di��o)��ر�횾߂��(g��)��y(t��ng)�ėl��ˮ��,��ֲ��,��J(r��n)��ֻҪ��һ��(g��)��һ��(g��)��l��ؾͿɷQ��˂��(du��)�ھ��(g��)��Ե��طQ��أ� ��Փ��,�� (du��)�ڰ��Щ̎��(g��)��߅��ĵط��֮��,��tͬ��߲��ࡣ

1971��,��ʽ��ġ��P(gu��n)��؄e��ˮ�ݗ�Ϣ�صć��H��Ҫ��ع��s��(��Q��ع��s��),��Ҳ�Q��ķ�_��ع��s��o��˸��܉��ܵďV�x��ض��x��ϵָ��Ȼ��˹�,��L�ڻ򕺕r(sh��)֮��ˮ,��ˮ��ˮ,��΢�̻��ˮ�ӝɵ�,��̿�ػ�ˮ�򣬰��ͳ��r(sh��)ˮ���^6m�ĺ�ˮ�^(q��),��

��,��s�ڶ��l��һ��_��

��أ��ɰ��c��ĺӰ��ͺ��؅^(q��),��Լ�λ�ڝ�؃�(n��i)�ču�Z��ͳ��r(sh��)ˮ��^6m�ĺ��ˮ�w,��

��(j��)�@һҎ(gu��)��s��(du��)��صĶ��x��ĸ��V��,��,��غ��a��,��t��,��̿��Լ�ɺ��,��

��,��߀��˹��أ��~��,��r��,��r(n��ng)��,��r(n��ng)��}��,��ˮ��,��ɳ�[�V�ӡ��ˮ��,��ˮ̎��\(y��n)�ӵ�,��

��ض��x�İl(f��)չ��ӳ��˂��(du��)��J(r��n)�R(sh��)��׃��ظ��“ ˮ͵��”��u��“ ��B(t��i)ϵ�y(t��ng)”�D(zhu��n)��,��(d��ng)ǰ�ձ��J(r��n)��,�� ǵ��һ�N��Ҫ��B(t��i)ϵ�y(t��ng)�� ̎��ꑵ��B(t��i)ϵ�y(t��ng)��ɭ�ֺͲݵ��cˮ��B(t��i)ϵ�y(t��ng)��ˮ��ͺ��֮�g,��Ƕ��֮�g��^�Ɏ�,��ؽY(ji��)��B(t��i)ϵ�y(t��ng)��ˮ��B(t��i)ϵ�y(t��ng)�Č��ԣ� ��ֲ�ͬ�ڶ��,��

��ص�ˮ�ėl��ǝ�،��еěQ��ǽ�(j��ng)��̎��ˮ��ͻ��М\ˮ�Ӹ��w,��c��ϵ�y(t��ng)�ķֽ��ˮ��ͷ��߅��c��ˮϵ�y(t��ng)�ķֽ��ஔ(d��ng)��ͦˮֲ��L�ķ��߅��,�� һ�㶨��ˮ��2m̎,��

ˮ��(du��)��İl(f��)��̵�Ӱ푡��ͨ��Q��ػ�ˮ��,��־ֽoˮ��µĶ��x��“ ��L��L�ĕr(sh��)�g��(n��i),�� ڲ��ˮ�ėl��͵ġ��ˮ�Ļ��,�� γ��ˮ��ֲ��L�ͷ�ֳ�ğo��l��”,��

��ˮ�ėl��ˮ�� ֧��˪�(d��)�ص��m��(y��ng)�˗l��ϵ�y(t��ng),��S��Ժͺܸߵĳ��(j��)��a(ch��n)��,��ֲ��ǝ�ر��R(sh��)�ͷ���Ҫ��(bi��o)־��

����D(zhu��n)�d��ǳ��ڂ��f��Ϣ֮Ŀ��,��Ё�Դ��(bi��o)ע�e(cu��)�`��ַ��ĺϷ��(qu��n)��,��Ո(q��ng)��߳֙�(qu��n)��C��c��W(w��ng)(li��n)ϵ��҂��r(sh��)��,��h��,��x�x��