��⾀��ˮ̎��еđ��

��r�g��2009-10-21 10:29 ��Դ�� : ��x��1649

1 ��

Ŀǰ��o��ˮ��ɷ֞�ɴ��,��W��,��W��м��ͳ��,��⾀��,�,��W��һ�㶼��a��a���⾀��Ψһ��1878��Ͱl(f��)�F(xi��n)��̫ꖹ��е��⾀��К��,����⾀��g�ڳ��ˮ̎��еđ��Ätʼ��20��o60��~,��70��80��⾀��ڳ��ˮ̎��еđ��M��˴��ڵ��о��@��Ҫ��ڮ��r�˂��J�R��V��ʹ�õļ��ˇ�е��Ȍ��ܼ{ˮ�w�е��~��ж�,��Ұl(f��)�F(xi��n)��_�J��Ȼ��W��a��u��(THMs)��°�,��»��»�׃�ĸ��a��,��@Щ�l(f��)�F(xi��n)��ʹ����һ�N��õ��,��a��a��ķ��Ҳ��ɶ��Ⱦ��},��,��˂��_ʼ�Pע��⾀��đ��á�

��⾀��瑪��(1970��h(hu��n)��˵�һ��ˮ��⾀��ʾ��),��F(xi��n)��ͼ��ô��ձ鑪��,�� ⾀��g��ʽ��һ�N��ЏV�V��,��o��Ⱦ,��(j��ng)�^30��İl(f��)չ��ѽ�(j��ng)�ɞ��ɿ��Ч�h(hu��n)��g,��ڇ��I��õ��ˏV��\��,��҇��ڌ��似�g��˽��һ��ľ��ԣ��ˮ̎��еđ��ò��,��Ϻ��OӋ�о�Ժ��@��_չ��S��о�,��Ϻ��h�С��L��ˮ̎��S�õ��,��M��21��o��,��S��ˮβˮ��ҕ��\�н�(j��ng)�ķe�ۣ��⾀��g��õ��ƏV,��AӋ��Зl��ˮ̎��S�� 50��⾀��,��ɞ�ȡ��y(t��ng)��W��g��

2,��⾀��ԭ��

��⾀��ԭ��m��L��⾀�܉��Ɖ�΢��C�w��е�DNA(Ó��Ǻ��)��RNA(��Ǻ��)�ķ��ӽY��,��L�Լ��(��)��Լ��_��Ч��,��(j��ng)ԇ�,��⾀��Ч��L��ɷ֞��Ă��ͬ�Ĳ��Σ�UVA��400��315nm��UVB��315��280nm��UVC��280��200nm��⾀��200��100nm��,��͸�^��o�Ӻ��ƌӵ��_��ֻ��UVA��UVB��,��͚��ٶȶ��ԣ�UVC̎��΢��շ巶��֮��,��1s֮��ͨ�^�Ɖ�΢��DNA�Y��ͼ��,��UVA��UVB��̎��΢��շ巶��֮�⣬��ٶȺ��,��Ҫ��(sh��)С�r��𵽚��,��ڌ��H��̵Ĕ�(sh��)��ˮ��ͣ��䣩�r�g�ȣ�ԓ��֌��H�ό��ڟoЧ��ⲿ��,��⴩͸��O��,��ܺ��׹��Ҫ��ØO��͸��ʵ�ʯӢ��һ��ð댧�w�ИI(y��)��ˮ�е�TOC,��ښ��,��ˣ��o��ˮ��f��H�Ͼ��ָUVC��,��g�ǻ��ڬF(xi��n)��ߌW��t(y��)�W�͹��W�Ļ��A��,��OӋ�ĸ�Ч��,��ߏ��Ⱥ��L��UVC��ˮ��ˮ�и��N��,��,��x��ˮ��Լ��ԭ�wֱ�Ӛ��,��_��Ŀ��,��

�о��⾀��Ҫ��ͨ�^��΢��(��,��,��ѿ�ߵȲ�ԭ�w) ��ݗ��p��Ɖĺ��Ĺ��ʹ΢��Ķ��_��Ŀ��,��⾀��ÿɌ��I��朵Ĕ��,��g��(li��n)��γɹ⻯�a��ȣ��Ķ��׃��DNA��,��ʹ΢��܏��,��@�N��⾀�p��Ҳ��ԓp��

��⾀��һ�N��,��ˮ��κ��|,��]�и��ã��@��(y��u)��Ȼ��ĵط��ͨ��c��|(li��n)��ʹ��,��Ҋ��(li��n)�Ϲ�ˇ��UV+H2O2,��UV+H2O2+O3��UV+TiO2,��@��,��Ч��á�

3 ��⾀��ԭ��

Ŀǰ�܉�ݔ��UVC��ڹ��ֻ��˹��Ͻ𣩟��Դ,��⾀��ʯӢ��Ƴ�,��(j��)�c��ğ��܃ȹ��≺�Ĳ�ͬ��⾀ݔ��ȵĲ�ͬ��֞��N��͉��͏��ȹ��,��Љ��ߏ��ȹ��͵͉��ߏ��ȹ��,��Ч��΢��ܵ��䄩��Q��ģ�ͬ�r,��Ҳ�ܵ��⾀��ݔ��,��c��ͣ��⏊��ʹ�Õr�g��P,��S��ϻ�,��ʧ30%-50%�ď��ȡ��䄩��ָ�_��һ��ļ��ʕr,��Ҫ�ض��L��⾀��䄩��J��m2��r�g��s��×UVC��ȣ�W��m2��䄩��Խ��,��Ч��Խ�ߣ��O��ߴ�Ҫ��,��һ��r�gֻ�Ў��,��ˣ��ܵ�UVCݔ��Ⱦͳ��˺��O��Ҫ�ą��(sh��),��ڳ��ˮ��,��һ��ƽ��䄩��300 J��m2��ϡ��ڴ�ֵ,��п��ܳ��F(xi��n)��ͻ�F(xi��n)��,��ܱ��صך��ܿ�Ҋ��,��ͻ�,��˚��Ч��Ч��Ҫ��Խ��,��䄩��Խ��,��Ӱ�΢��ܵ��䄩��Ҫ��͸��ʣ�254 nm̎��UVCݔ��Ⱥ��r�gһ��r,��͸��ʵ�׃��΢���H��܄��׃��,��

4 ��⾀��ă�(y��u)�c

��1�� ⾀��o�軯�WˎƷ��a��THMs��a�

��2�� ÿ�,��Ч��,��

��3�� o��ζ��o��,��Ӱ�ˮ�Ŀڸ�,��

��4�� ײ��,��\�к;S��M�õ�,��

5 ��⾀��ڌ��H�еđ��r

��(sh��)��⾀�b��Â��y(t��ng)�ĵ͉��g��Ҳ��һЩ��ˮ�S��õ͉��ߏ��ϵ�y(t��ng)��Љ��ߏ��ϵ�y(t��ng),��ڮa��ߏ��ȵ��⾀��ʹ��ܔ�(sh��)��p��90%��,��Ķ��sС��ռ��e��(ji��)�s�˰��b�;S��M��,��ʹ��⾀��ˮ�|�^��ĳ�ˮҲ�m��,��

Ŀǰ��о��a�͑��ˮ��⾀��߀��,��W��ƽ��o�f��ˮ̎��S��̎��ˮ��о��,��M��o�B(t��i)�̈́ӑB(t��i)ԇ򞣬�_��⾀��c��֮�g��Pϵ,��OӋ��ܮa��⾀��,��Ԫˮ�h(hu��n)��g�a�I(y��)(�Ї�)��޹�˾��a�ķ��]ʽ��̎��100��500m3/hˮ��Ӿ�ص�ѭ�h(hu��n)ˮ��Б��,��ģ�K��_ʽ��ɸ��(j��)�Ñ��w�OӋ��b��_��Ӟ��ˮ�S��̎��˳��_ʽ��⾀��ˇ,��ṩ4×104m3/d�Ĺ��I(y��)��ˮ,��Ŀǰ�\�Р�r��á��

6 ��چ��}

��1��⾀��ṩʣ��,��̎��ˮ�x�_��֮��,��һЩ��⾀��΢��ڹ�ͻ�C��ޏ͓p��DNA��ӣ�ʹ��,��,��Ҫ�Mһ��о��ͻ��ԭ��͗l��_��ͻ�l(f��)��С��⾀��䏊��,��r�g��,��

��2��ʯӢ�׹��ڵ��ϴ��\�к;S�޵��P�I��ˮ��(j��ng)��⾀��r,��S��o�C�s�|��,��ճ��׹��ϡ��䮔��ˮ��ЙC�ﺬ��^�ߕr��γ��۹�Ĥ��΢��L�γ��Ĥ,��@Щ��⾀��͸��,��Ӱ��Ч��,��횸��(j��)��ͬ��ˮ�|��ú��ķ��Y��ʩ��ϴ�b��,��_�l(f��)��ƾ��Ԅ��ϴ��ܵ��⾀��

��3��Ŀǰ��a��(zh��)��ֱ��ʯӢ��⾀�͉��ć��ИI(y��)�˜ʣ��ʞ�4W,��Ч��һ��1000��3000h,��M�ڵ͉��ܵ��Ч�\�Еr�g��_8000��12000h��Љ��Ҳ��_5000��6000h,��֮��,��ʹ�Ç��a��ܕ��ӾS��M�ã��,��a��L��ֱ��M��M��a��g��Ŀǰؽ��Q�Ć��},��

��4��҇�Ŀǰ��ˮ�S��ϵ�y(t��ng)�И��У��Щ��ˮ�S��ڴ��I(y��)��ˮ�Č��,��ʹ��ŷŵ��ˮɫ�ȼ��,��И��ļ��е��ˮ��͸��ʅ��(sh��)�Բ��Ç��ṩ�Ĕ�(sh��)ֵ��c��ˮ��H��r��e�ܴ�,��錢��O��\��_��Ҫ��,��y�Կ˷��ϵK��

7��YՓ

��⾀��ˮ̎��еđ��ѽ�(j��ng)�Ў�ʮ��Ěvʷ,��似�g��s,��ɱ��F��ʹ�䑪��ܵ��,��o��ʮ��,��ˮ��Ⱦ�ļӄ��͹��R��ߣ��ʹ�˂��ڂ��y(t��ng)ˮ̎��ˇ�Ļ��A�ϲ��µ��ֶ�,��C��ˮˮ�|��ϸ��Ӱ�ȫ��ˮ�˜�,��(j��ng)�^��ʮ��о��͌��`��⾀��M�ɵďͺϑ��ü��g,��õ�̎��Ч��ɞ�oˮ��ȃ��g��x,��

��1��ڳ��ˮ��̎��ˮ��ԝM��Ŀǰ��Ⱦ��^��G��ˮҪ��

��2��ԓ��g��Пo��Ⱦ��c,��ǰ��V�,��

��3��ܺĵ͡��\��M�õ�,��Ԅӻ��̶ȸ�,��S�o��,��

��4��O��x�÷��棬�͉��ߏ��ľC�ϼ��g��(j��ng)��ָ�˃�(y��u)��Љ��ߏ��,��

��,��(j��ng)�^��⾀��ˮ��ںܶ��I��ã��Ԍ��F(xi��n)��ˮ�YԴ��,��ڹ��r��,��ֵغͲ�ƺ�ȿɱ��⻯�W��ֲ��ēp��ڵ��ˮ�ع��Է�ֹ΢����W��a��m��Զ��ٶȷ�ֳ��ɵĵ،Ӷ��,��S��⾀��C��о�,��⾀��g�Ĳ��l(f��)չ�Լ��b��OӋ�ϲ��ƣ��⾀��ɞ��?zh��n)��y(t��ng)�Ȼ��Ҫ��֮һ,��

����D�d��ǳ��ڂ��f��Ϣ֮Ŀ��,��Ё�Դ��ע�e�`��ַ��ĺϷ��棬Ո��߳֙��C��c��W(w��ng)(li��n)ϵ,��҂��r��,��h��x�x,��