�׷N��̎��ؽ��ُUˮЧ��

��r�g��2009-11-17 09:28 ��Դ�� : ��x��1784

ժҪ��P�I�~��

��ؽ��ٵďUˮ����h(hu��n)��˾޴��Σ��,��ؽ��x��S�Uˮ�ų�,��ʹ?ji��)�Ⱥ�С��Ҳ��ɹ��,��Ⱦ�h(hu��n)��,��Ӱ��˂��Ľ��,��о��ν��͏Uˮ��ؽ��ٵĺ��,��p�p�ؽ��ٌ��h(hu��n)��Ⱦ��ش��x��Ŀǰ,��ȥ��Uˮ��ؽ��ٵķ��Ҫ��N��һ��ͨ�^�l(f��)��W��ȥ�Uˮ��ؽ��x�ӵķ��[1],��ڲ��׃�Uˮ�е��ؽ��ٵĻ��W�ΑB(t��i)�ėl��M��s,��x�ķ��,��ǽ��΢��ֲ��,��e��,��ȥ��Uˮ��ؽ��ٵķ��[2],��Ǳ��^��õķ��֮һ��ԇ��ķ��о��׷N��̎��ؽ��ُUˮ��Ч��,��Ա��ҳ��^��Ч�ͱ��˵��,��齵��̎��ؽ��ٵďUˮ�ɱ��ӽ��Ч��ա�

1,��c��

1.1ԇ��

1.1.1��ό��S��ڰ��տƼ��WԺ�YԴ�c�h(hu��n)��,��ڲ��īI�Ļ��A��M��˻��W��[3��4],��õ��ϰ��Թ��,��ԸߎX��ԸߎX��,��̿��S��,��Թ��̎��^�̞飺��40g��뵽0.1mol/L��Na2CO3��Һ�У�߅��߅��ؼ��͵�CaCl2��Һ,��Y��,��^�V��ں��105��l��¸��,��ԸߎX��̎��^�̞飺��ߎX��^100Ŀ�Y,��850��џ�5h��ȡһ��ĸߎX��}��],��90��̎��7h,��4000�D��x�ķ��x30min��ϴ��,��120��º��^ҹ,��ԸߎX��̎��^�̞飺ȡ5g�ߎX��2gSiO2��1gNa2CO3,��1gKClO3��м�,��ڸߜؠt��,��Ɯض��800��,��3h�,��ֱ̿��ȡ��Y�h(hu��n)��,��S��ڰ��տƼ��WԺ�Nֲ�Ƽ��@��Ʒ�ɼ��,��L��,��^100Ŀ�Y��á�

1.1.2��ؽ��ُUˮ��ԇ��ú��ؽ��ُUˮ��ƵĲ�ͬ��ؽ��Һ,��~,��t��U��\�քe��t,��~,��\��UĦ��ȷքe��0.10,��0.05,��0.01mol/L��ؽ��ُUˮ��

1.2ԇ򞷽��

�քe�Qȡ1g��ϣ��Թ��,��ԸߎX��,��ԸߎX��̿,��S��200mL��ͬ��ȵĺ��ؽ��ُUˮ��,��ϣ��ʎ24h��,��^�V,��y��̎��ĞVҺ��ؽ��ٵĺ��ԭ��շֹ��Ӌ�y��ƽ��r��Һ�е��t,��~,��\��U�ĺ��y��茢ƽ��Һϡጣ�,��Ӌ��Һ��ʣ��ؽ��ٵ��,��ò�p��Ӌ��N��ؽ��ٵ��

2�Y��c��

2.1�׷N��ό��Uˮ��t��Ч��

��ͬ�t��,��ͬ��ό�ˮ��t��ȥ��ʲ�ͬ,��
��ͬһ��£��ͬ��t��քe��̿>��ԸߎX��>��Թ��>��ԸߎX��>�S��,��䌦�t��ȥ��F��ͬ�ӵ�څ��,��ό�ˮ��t��^�S��󡣲�ͬ��ˮ��t��ͬ��Ҫ��ӽY��ͻ��W��|�Ĳ�ͬ��ɵ�,��
�ı�1��Ҳ��Կ��,��S��t�Uˮ��t��ȵĜpС��ͬ�N��Uˮ�t��ȥ��S֮׃С,��,��ͬ��ԭҺĦ��Ȟ�0.01mol/L�ďUˮ��H�鲻ͬ��ԭҺĦ��Ȟ�0.1mol/L��̎��1/10��@��鮔��Һ��t��ȱ��^��r,��Һ�м��,��|��t��^�࣬��^��ȫ��ͬ�r��Һ��t�x�ӱ��^��,��tҲ��׽��ľ��,��ˣ��Uˮ��t��^��rȥ��Ч��^��,��

2.2�׷N��ό��Uˮ��~��Ч��

��Կ��,��׷N��ό��Uˮ�е��~��c�t��ͬ��ͬһ�~��,��׷N��ό��~��̿>��Թ��>��ԸߎX��>��ԸߎX��>�S��,��ͬ�Ӹ��N��ό��Uˮ��~��^�S��󡣲�ͬ��ό��ͬ�ؽ��ٵ��ܲ�ͬ,��c��ϵĽY��|��ͬ��P��,��߀�c��ͬ�ؽ��ٵ��|��c��ϵ��H��С��P��

�S��Uˮ��~��ȵĽ��,��ͬ��ό��~��pС,��Uˮ��~��ȥ��ԏUˮ��~��^�͕r��ȥ��^��,��

2.3�׷N��ό��Uˮ��\��Ч��

��ͬ��ό��\��Ч��ͬ,��ͬһ��ȕr��ͬ��ό��\��̿>��Թ��>��ԸߎX��>��ԸߎX��>�S��,��@��ԸߎX��̎��[4],��뺬�\�Uˮ�r��\��γɳ��Ķ��^��ԸߎX��ĵ�,��

�c��ό��t,��~��һ�ӣ��S��Һ�\�x�ӝ�ȵĽ��Ͷ��p��,��S��Һ��ȵĸ�׃,��ȥ��ʵ�׃��]��@��Ҏ(gu��)��ԣ��\Ħ��Ȟ�0.05mol/L�r,��ȥ��^��,��

2.4�׷N��ό��Uˮ��U��Ч��

�ı�1�п��Կ��ͬ��ό��Uˮ��U��c�䌦�~��,��ͬһ��ȕr,��С��̿>��Թ��>��ԸߎX��>��ԸߎX��>�S��䌦�U��S�U��ȵĜpС��pС,��ȥ��S��ȵĜpС��,��

3�Y�Z

�ߎX��ճ��V��һ�N��Y��w,��1:1�Ĺ��w��X��w�M��,��б��ϵ,��ԓ�V�ﾧ��У��x�ӵ��໥�ÓQ,��ߎX��u��,��Hˮ��^��x�Ӵ��Q��С,��ֱ�ӑ��Ч��@,��ԸߎX��ı��^��Ҫ�ǽ��^�џ�,��ʹ��,��܈F�ͷ��Ļ��cҲ�l(f��)��׃��ԸߎX��ı��^��ʹ��һ�N�o�C��ڸߎX��ı��,��_��Ե�Ч��,��ǹŴ��μ��͵�ֲ��z�w�Ѻ󣬽��^��ĳɎr��ö��γɵľ��ж��Ե��|�r,��

��϶�ʸ�,��ȱ��e��늺��,��控ؓ늺�,��Uˮ��z�wһ��Ҳ��ؓ늺ɣ��ֱ�ӑ��ֻ�𵽉��s�p늌ӵ��,��ԇ��ڹ��м��ͺ��Ƴɸ��Թ��,��Ч��^�á�
��ԇ�ĽY��,��ͬ��ό��t,��~��\,��U�Uˮ��ȥ��ʲ�ͬ,��һ��r��S��Uˮ��ؽ��ٝ�ȵ��ӣ��,��t��,��ؽ��ٵ�ȥ��ʄt��S�Uˮ��Ƚ��Ͷ��ӵ�څ�ݡ�

��Ȼ,��ȥ��߀�c�Uˮ��pH��P,��ͬ��ȥ��ͬ�ؽ��x�Ӱl(f��)��ȫ��ėl��ͬ��ͱ�ԇ��,��N��Uˮ��U��^��,��ڲ�ͬ��У��̿��ȥ��ʾ��^��,��Ǳ��^��,��ֻ�ǻ��̼�ăr��^�F��ďV��ʹ�á��cһ��,��Թ��͸��ԸߎX��Ҳ��^��,��o�B(t��i)��ӑB(t��i)�l��¾��ɑ��ã��r�X��,��Ƃ䷽��,��һ��ęCе��ȣ��ؽ��̎��ƏVʹ��,��

����D�d��ǳ��ڂ��f��Ϣ֮Ŀ��,��Ё�Դ��ע�e�`��ַ��ĺϷ��棬Ո��߳֙��C��c��Wϵ,��҂��r��,��h��x�x,��