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1��Ч��(sh��)�ֵ�ӛ�

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2.1�ɞV��l(f��)��ͿɞV�x�ӿ��P(gu��n)ϵ

��坍ˮ�ӣ��ɞV��l(f��)��105��أ��w�ϵ��ڿɞV�x�ӣ��Ҫ��ˮ�а˴��x��Na+,��K+,��Ca+��Mg2+,��SO42-,��Cl-,��HCO3-,��SiO32-��֮�͡��Ⱦ��ˮ��,��ڿ��ܺ��^�ߝ�ȵ�Fe3+,��Mn2+,��Zn2+��Cu2+,��F-,��NO3-��x�ӣ��ɞV��l(f��)��ȿ��ܴ��ڰ˴��x�ӝ��֮��,��ˮ��^��Գɷ�,��ں�ɕr��]�l(f��)��pʧ��ɞV��l(f��)��ȿ��С�ڰ˴��x�ӝ��֮��,��

2.2�ܽ⿂��w��늌��ʵ��P(gu��n)ϵ

늌��ˮ��Һ��ĵ��(sh��),��ˮ��п��x��Խ�࣬��ԽС,��늌��Խ��,��ˮ�ӵ�늌��ʺͿ�?c��)ܽ��w��һ��P(gu��n)�P(gu��n)ϵ��Ȼˮ��,��?c��)ܽ��w��늌��ʵı�ֵ��s��0.55—0.70,��@ֻ��һ�N��ԵĹ��㡣��ˮ��к��^��x��ԉA,��ֵҪ��0.55С,��ˮ��к��д��}�֣��ֵ��ܱ�0.70��,��

2.3�ܽ⿂��w�Ϳ�Ӳ�ȵ��P(gu��n)ϵ

��ˮ��Ҫ�x��а˷N,��оͺ��Ca2+��Mg2+,��ˮ�ӵĿ�Ӳ��<��?c��)ܽ��w��ֵ��s��0.50—0.80,��@ֻ�Ǵ��ԵĹ��,��ˮ��Ca+��Mg2+��ܸߕr,��ֵҪ��0.80��,��ˮ��Ca+��Mg2+��С�r,��ֵҪ��0.50С,��

2.4��Ӳ��c�}��V��P(gu��n)ϵ

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2.5��A��c��Ӳ�ȡ�̼��}Ӳ��,��̼��}Ӳ��g��P(gu��n)ϵ

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��A��ָˮ�w��̼��},��̼��}��ￂ��֮��,��Ҫ��ӳˮ�w��CO32+��HCO3-,��OH-��,��ͨ��Ҳ��CaCO3(mg·L-1)��ʾ��

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2.6��ҺPH�c̼��,��̼��x��̼�g��P(gu��n)ϵ

��K��[CO2]/[H2CO3]=3.8×102

Ka1=[H+][HCO3-]/[H2CO3]=4.27×10-7

Ka2=[H+][CO32-]/[HCO3-]=5.59×10-11

��֪,��ˮ��CO2��̼��Һ��Ҫ��ʽ[H2CO3]≈[CO2]

pH��6.37+lg[HCO3-]-lg[CO2]=10.25+lg[CO32-]-lg[HCO3-]

��pH<7�r,��xCO2��ߣ��pH>10�r,��CO32-��,��7 2.7ˮ��ꎡ��x��Ħ��ȵ��P(gu��n)ϵ

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2.8�x�ӷe��ܶȷe��P(gu��n)ϵ

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2.9CODCr,��CODMn,��BOD5֮�g��P(gu��n)ϵ

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�Y(ji��)��䌍�H�Ĝy��^��,��ͬһ��ˮ��,��Ҏ(gu��)�ɣ�CODCr>CODMnCODCr>BOD5
2.10��c�ܽ��P(gu��n)ϵ

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2.11��(sh��),��c��Ⱥ��S��c��Ⱥ֮�g��P(gu��n)ϵ

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2.12�S��c��Ⱥֵ,��S��ֵ��ֵ�c�S��Ⱦ��Դ��P(gu��n)ϵ

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��1�ݡ��h(hu��n)��ˮ�|(zh��)�O(ji��n)�y�|(zh��)��C�փԡ��M.�h(hu��n)��ˮ�|(zh��)�O(ji��n)�y�|(zh��)��C�փԣ��ڶ��棩��M��.��W��I(y��)��.1994.231��236

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