��@�^(q��)��A(y��)̎�팦ˮ��Ⱦ��÷��

��r�g��2020-12-31 09:24 ��Դ��h(hu��n)�� : ��x��9716

��Uˮ��Ⱦ��ȸ�,��ﶾ�Դ�,��y��c��Ǉ��(n��i)��ˮ̎��繫�J��y�} [1-2] ,�,��@�^(q��)��Uˮ��ʩ��A(y��)̎��H��Ա��ˮ̎��S��(w��n)��\�У�ͬ�r��ƈ@�^(q��)��w��ˮ��Ⱦ��ˮƽ,��͈@�^(q��)��wˮ��Ⱦ�h(hu��n)��L�U��߈@�^(q��)��wˮ�h(hu��n)��|(zh��)��ˮƽ��Ҫ��,��

��@�^(q��)�Uˮ��“��ɢ�A(y��)̎��+��̎��”ģʽ��I(y��)��ɢ�A(y��)̎��վ��O(sh��),��\�I�ͱO(ji��n)��,��@�^(q��)��̎��S�O(sh��)Ӌ��\�I�ͱO(ji��n)�صȷ��T��},��(d��o)��I(y��)�Uˮ�A(y��)̎��վ�͈@�^(q��)��ˮ̎��S��y�Է�(w��n)��ɿ��_��,��ʽ�A(y��)̎��վ��õ��\�I��Зl��,��̶ȱ��C�Uˮ��ռ��̶�,��Mˮˮ��ˮ�|(zh��)��(w��n)��̶ȡ��A(y��)̎��O(sh��)ʩ��(w��n)��\�г̶Ⱥͳ�ˮ�� [3] ,��

��@�^(q��)��A(y��)̎�팦�Uˮˮ��Ⱦ��

1,��ˮ��ռ��̶ȣ��߷��|(zh��)̎��ᘌ��

�Ԉ@�^(q��)��I(y��)��a(ch��n)Ʒ��a(ch��n)�b�Þ��λ��Uˮ�M�з���|(zh��)�ռ�,��(j��)ˮ�|(zh��)��r�M�ЏUˮ�ռ��ľ��̶Ȳ��,��x��m�˵�̎��̎��ˇ�춨��A(ch��),��

2�� l(f��)�]��ˮ̎��Ҏ(gu��)ģЧ��(y��ng),��ˮ̎��Ͷ�Y��\�гɱ�

��Uˮ�M�֏�(f��)�s,��ĳЩ�ЙC��Ⱦ��Є��O�y�ֽ�,��ֽ� [4] ,��ͬ��I(y��)��l��l(f��),��x��ďUˮ�A(y��)̎��ˇ��,��A(y��)̎��b�á��O(sh��)��n��c��I(y��)��h(hu��n)��ҕ�̶Ⱥ͌��I(y��)��ϢϢ��P(gu��n),��(d��o)�¸��I(y��)�Uˮ�A(y��)̎��վ�Ľ��O(sh��)�n�΅���R,��@Ҳ�Ǹ��I(y��)�Uˮ�A(y��)̎��վ�\��Ч���R��Ҫԭ�򡣆΂��I(y��)�Uˮ�A(y��)̎��վҎ(gu��)ģ�mС,��K��ȫ,��ˏĈ@�^(q��)��濴��Uˮ�A(y��)̎��վ�Ŀ�Ͷ�Y��,��

�Uˮ��A(y��)̎��վ�܉�l(f��)�]��ˮվ��O(sh��)��Ҏ(gu��)ģЧ��(y��ng),��ҿ��Թ��ö�N�Uˮ̎��o��O(sh��)ʩ��L�C��,��g,��ˎ�g��÷��,��΂��ˮ�A(y��)̎��վͶ�Y�^��,��Ĉ@�^(q��)��ԣ��؏�(f��)Ͷ�Y�͹��O(sh��)ʩ��M,��^(q��)��(n��i)��ˮ̎��վ��Ͷ�Y��^��,��(j��)��a(ch��n)Ʒ��a(ch��n)�^��в�ͬ��ˇ�ΏUˮ��ˮ��ˮ�|(zh��)��ͬ COD,��ͬ�}��,��ͬ��ԵďUˮ�M�з��ռ��܉�քe��O(sh��)��ͬ��̎��Ԫ��̎��ʩ,��I(y��)��ؽ��O(sh��)��H��O(sh��)��ˮ�A(y��)̎��O(sh��)ʩ,��܉�p�٭h(hu��n)��O(sh��)ʩͶ�롢�s��Ŀ��,��ֿɜp�٭h(hu��n)��Ĺ��ˆT�Ͳ��ˆT,��о��ץ�I(y��)��(w��)��a(ch��n)��M��I(y��)�坍��a(ch��n)ˮƽ,��

3 ,��ˮ̎��Ԫ��ģ�K��A(y��)̎��O(sh��)ʩ�Ŀ��L�U��

��I(y��)��O(sh��)�ķ�ɢʽ�A(y��)̎��վ��(n��i)��O(sh��)�õ��¹ʳ؃H��I(y��)�Լ�ʹ�ã��¹ʳ��ݷe��,��¹ʷ��,��ɢʽ�A(y��)̎��վһ��F(xi��n)�¹ʣ�Ӱ��I(y��)��a(ch��n)��ˮ̎��S�\��,��п��ܕ��Έ@�^(q��)��ˮ̎��S�\��ɛ_��,��˷Nģʽ�£��@�^(q��)�γ��a(ch��n)�b��-�A(y��)̎��վ-�@�^(q��)��ˮ̎��S��L�U��wϵ,��

��A(y��)̎��վ�O(sh��)�õ��¹ʳغ��{(di��o)��(ji��)��挦��(w��)�^(q��)��I(y��),��΂��I(y��)�¹ʣ��ʹ��A(y��)̎��վ��O(sh��)�Ĵ��¹ʳ�,��¹ʏUˮ��ߺܶ�,��ʽ�A(y��)̎��վ��(n��i)��ÿ��܆�Ԫ�ж��̎��ģ�K��ᘌ��ͬ��͵ďUˮ�ж��̎��ˇ��,��ÿ��ˇ��O(sh��)�ö��ƽ��\��ϵ��,��ˣ��ʽ�A(y��)̎��վ��Ŀ��L�U��^��,��,��ڴ˷Nģʽ�£��@�^(q��)�γ��a(ch��n)�b��-��I(y��)-��A(y��)̎��վ-�@�^(q��)��ˮ̎��S�ļ��L�U��wϵ,��

4 ,��ˮ̎��O(sh��)ʩ��Ч�ʺͽ��O(sh��)�`��

��@�^(q��)��ˮ�A(y��)̎��O(sh��)ʩ��ȡ“��wҎ(gu��)��ڽ��O(sh��),��ܻ��,��̎��ˇģ�K��M��”ԭ�t�M�н��O(sh��)��ȿ��]��ˮˮ��ˮ�|(zh��)��(f��)�s��׃��ˮ̎��ˇ��Ԫ��c,��ֿ��]��@�^(q��)��O(sh��)��A��,��@�^(q��)��ˮ��A(y��)̎��O(sh��)ʩ�Ľ��O(sh��)�ɸ��(j��)��I(y��)�Ľ��O(sh��)�l(f��)չ��r�`��_��ڽ��O(sh��)Ҏ(gu��)ģ,��Ķ��(ji��)ʡͶ�Y��ռ��,��

5 ��D(zhu��n)׃��h(hu��n)��O(ji��n)��,��߈@�^(q��)�h(hu��n)��O(ji��n)��ˮƽ

��@�^(q��)��ˮ��A(y��)̎��O(sh��)ʩ��ί�е��I(y��)��λ�M��\�I,��λ��@�^(q��)��ˮ̎��Ч��Ч��ؓ؟��ؓ؟��I(y��)��ˮˮ��ˮ�|(zh��)��r�M�бO(ji��n)��,��

�@�^(q��)��ˮ̎��r��,��h(hu��n)��O(ji��n)�ܙC��(g��u)�H�茦��\�I��λ�Ĺ��r�M�бO(ji��n)��z��͹��,��܉��@�^(q��)��ˮ̎��ˮ̎��O(sh��)ʩ�\�I��r,��@�^(q��)�O(ji��n)�ܙC��(g��u)ͨ�^��\�I��λ�y(t��ng)Ӌ�ĸ��I(y��)ˮ��ˮ�|(zh��)�ŷ�Ҏ(gu��)��,��Mһ��I(y��)��a(ch��n)��r�M�бO(ji��n)�ܣ��r�l(f��)�F(xi��n)��I(y��)�Ĳ��a(ch��n)�О�,��

�Y(ji��)�Z

��@�^(q��)��,��Uˮ��A(y��)̎��󣬿��Ը��(j��)��ˮ�Įa(ch��n)Ʒ��,��Uˮˮ��ˮ�|(zh��),��ŷ�Ҏ(gu��)�Ɍ��Uˮˮ��ˮ�|(zh��)�M�к��ķ���|(zh��)��{(di��o)��̎��ְl(f��)�]��ˮ̎��܆�Ԫ��Ч��,��Ĉ@�^(q��)��M�ЏUˮ��|(zh��)��,���ďUˮ�M�м��̎��Ҏ(gu��)ģ��(j��ng)��(y��u)�ݣ��܉�Ľ��O(sh��)��ڰ��ո��c,��ߘ˜ʳ��ھ��x�õĸ߶˵��ˮ̎��O(sh��)ʩ,��ˮ�O(ji��n)�ܴ�ʩ,��߶˼��g(sh��)�˲ź͸߶��\�I��F�,��̶ȱ��ϻ��@�^(q��)�Uˮ̎��Ч��Ч�ʺͷ�(w��n)��_�˳̶�,��

��īI

[1] �w��,�X��,�ؘ��.�҇��Uˮ��,��c��΢늽⹤ˇ��̽ӑ[J]. �㽭��,2013,44(6): 40 - 42.

[2] ��Ӳ�,�ѩ��,�ބ�ϼ.��S��ˮ̎��U�ݸ��칤�̌��[J]. �h(hu��n)��Ƽ�,2013,26(5): 34 - 36.

[3] �Θ�ƽ,��S.��ϻ��Uˮ��A(y��)̎��߿��Ե��о� [J].�Ϻ��h(hu��n)��ƌW(xu��),1996,15(11):14.

[4] ��,�X��.�Uˮ��̎��¼��g(sh��)[S].��A��W(xu��)��,2004.

����D(zhu��n)�d��ǳ��ڂ��f��Ϣ֮Ŀ�ġ��Ё�Դ��ע�e�`��ַ��ĺϷ��(qu��n)��,��Ո��߳֙�(qu��n)��C��c��W(w��ng)(li��n)ϵ,��҂��r��h��,��x�x,��