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ժ��Ҫ: �Ŀ�܇܇��a��C��, �U��ڿ�܇�Y��OӋ�оC��\��,��p��g��܇��Ļ��˼·�;��w��

�P�I�~: ��; ��; ��; ��

��܇܇��O��ʹ�{�T�ͳ˿͸е�ƣ��, ��܇��m�Ծ��ҪӰ�,��, �ڽY��OӋ�оC�ϲ�ȡһ��Ĵ�ʩ, ��Ч�ؿ��܇��@�ú��Ҫ,��

1��܇��Įa��C��

܇��a��C��D1 ��ʾ,��Դ��, ܇��ā�Դ��Ҫ��: �l(f��)�әC��,��M�Ś��s�L��,��܇��܇�Ȃ��ľ��w;��Ҫ�Ѓɂ�: һ��ͨ�^܇��ڰ弰�T��еĿ�,��pֱ�ӂ��܇��; ��܇��܇��ڰ�, ��l(f��)�ڰ��, ��܇��ݗ��Դ��, ��Ҫ�Ѓɂ��: �l(f��)�әC,��ױP��r�a��Ӻ�·�漤��a��,��l��^��, ��l(f��)��Ӱ��^С��܇��ڰ��Ҫ�ɽ��ٰ�Ͳ��, �@Щ��϶��к܏��,��܇��T��P�]�ėl��, ��܇�ȵĿ՚��ͱڰ��ݗ��Ĺ��w, ��]��g�ȶ�η��, �໥�B�ӳɞ�܇��,��

��֪, �l(f��)�әC��ױP,��·��Դ��Դ��ɼ��l(f��)܇��, ��;��ɷ֞�՚��͹��w��ɷN, ��ɿ՚��Ҫ��l(f��)�әC��ݗ��͚��w��, ��w��Ҫ��l(f��)�әC,��݆̥,��·�漰��܇��Ӷ��܇��ݗ��

2��ƴ�ʩ

܇��һ헱��^��s�Ĺ��, �_��Ŀ�ĵ�;��Ҳ�Ƕ�N��ӵ�, ��w�Y��Ҫ��c: �p��Դ��; ��^��;��; ��̎��

(1) �p��Դ��ǿ��܇��ĸ��,��܇Դ��Ҫ��l(f��)�әC��,��M�Ś��s�L��,��ϵ��, ��ǰl(f��)�әC��͂��ϵ��p��@ЩԴ��;��Ѓɗl: һ�ǲ��¼��g, ��M�Y��, ��䲿��ļӹ��Ⱥ��b��|��; ��ǲ��,��,��p�񡢸��ȼ��g, �Լ��b��, �Կ��Դ��ݗ��,��Ŀǰ��ȴ��܇��S��ðl(f��)�әC��ױP��ُ��, �x��С,��͵İl(f��)�әC�͵ױP�ǽ�Q܇��}��εķ��, ��Ŀǰ�҇��ʲ��͙C�ʹ��Ϳ�܇��õױP��, �M�ڮaƷ�r��̫��F, ��l(f��)�әC�͵ױP��^�ߵ�Ҫ��ǲ��F��, ��ˌ��H�г��ú�һ�N��ʩ��p��Դ��ȡ�

(2) ��^��;��֮��Ч,���õĽ��;��,��õĴ�ʩ��: ��񡢸�,��܇��ܷ��,��ڴ��Ϳ�܇, ��x��m��λ�ò��ø��֧�аl(f��)�әC, ��ʹ܇��3�� 8 dB (A )��, ��׃��,��ϵ��\�Ӳ��֧��, �M��돗��h(hu��n)��(ji��), �ɱ��܇�Y��ď��,��܇�Ҹ��l��^��Ч, ��l��Ч��^���_��l��Ч��, ��x��ܶȺ��ĸ��,��܇�ұڰ��ϵĿp϶�c�׵�, ��ʹ��ֱ�ӂ��܇��, ʹ�ڰ�ĸ��󽵵�, ��, ��܇��ܷ��Ҳ�ǳ��Ҫ,��

(3) ��̎��Ҳ�ǽ��ȵĳ��÷��ͨ��Դ�܇��һЩ��ܵĶ�ײ��, ��M��Ͽ�϶�r, ��϶�еĿ՚�Ͳ��ϵļ�С�w�S��, ��Ħ��ճ��, ��е��D׃?y��u)��? ��ܵķ��, �𵽽��Ŀ��,��ϵ��ϵ��c��l��Pϵ, ��̎�ڵ��l�r, ��Ͽ�϶�еĿ՚��چ�λ�r�g�ȵ��ӴΔ��^��, ��˥�p��ò��, ��ϵ��ܵ�, �S��l�ʵ��, ��Ͽ�϶�еĿ՚��چ�λ�r�g�ȵ��ӴΔ��u��, ��˥�p��Ҳ��^��@, ��ϵ��u��,��ϵĺ��, ��ߵ͡��l��Ч��, ��ӵ�һ��̶�, ��ϵ��ӾͲ��@��,��, ��ϵı��󸽼ӿ՚��Ҳ��,��l��Ч��ڌ��H��̎��, ��Ч��յ��l��, ͨ��^��, ��ϱ��󸽼ӿ՚��,��

3��Y��ϵČ��H��

�ڲ��׃�l(f��)�әC,��ױP��܇��Ǽܺ��Ƥ��ϵ�ǰ��, ��܇��Ҫ;��ǿ��Ă��܇��Ƥ��ӡ,��܇��ĽY��OӋ�Б��,��p��g, ��F܇��Ƚ��Ŀ�ˡ�

3.1��ǰ�ðl(f��)�әC��܇

��ڽY��ϵ��, ��y�Կ��, �ҹ�˾��Ҫ��ȡ��´�ʩ:

(1) ��߰l(f��)�әC�ֵĸ��,��, ��w�ձ��ò��䓲��, ��߄��, �pС·�治ƽ��w��; ��w�ȇ��(Ӳ�|�۰��l(f��)��) , ��䪚�ص�ճ��, ��հl(f��)�әC��ӵ�һ��, ��“��”��ʽጷų�ȥ, �_��p��,��Ŀ�ġ�

(2) �ڰl(f��)�әC�ֵ��߅�ع̶��z�l, ʹ��w�c�ֿ�Ľ��|�ɞ鏗�Խ��|, ��Ч˥�p��ߵ�ײ��, ��Įa��,��

(3) �ڰl(f��)�әC��ܵĵذ�Ǽ��Ϻ��ӵ�һ�ӱ�䓰�, �ڰl(f��)�әC��Ӽ��, �O�װl(f��)��, ��䓰��ճ�N3 mm ��ճ��r��Ƭ, ʹԭ��Ա��嘋��׃�ɞ��ӽY��, �ɹ��˹��,��

3.2��ðl(f��)�әC��܇

��D2 ��ʾ, ��܇��Ȳ��, �l(f��)�әCœ�Ȼ��һ�ⲿ��Դ, ��ܽ��،��ڽ��܇��l(f��)�әCœ�OӋ��һ��, �ڰl(f��)�әCœ��œ��ճ�N��ϵ��Ĳ��, ��@��ݗ��,��ڸ�, �M��p�ӽY��, �ڸ��Ǽ܃ɂȷքe��w��2 mm ��1 mm �ı��, ��g�γ�50 mm ��՚�A�Č�,��ڿ՚�A�Čӵ��, �@һ�Y��ĸ�Ч��ͻ��˸�“�|��”��, ��㽛򞹫ʽ��:
R= 18 lg (mA + mB ) + 12 lgf- 25+ $R
ʽ�С�mA,��mB ——��Ӱ��ܶ�; f——��l��; $R ——��Ӹ��

�ɱ��g�՚�Ӻ�Ȟ�50 mm , ��Ӌ��丽�Ӹ��^5 dB (A ) , ԓ�Y��ஔ��6 mm ��Ό�䓰��,��@Ȼ��߸�Ч��, ��ܹ�(ji��)ʡ��,��،��l�ʷ��, �ڃɰ��g��50 mm ��Ĳ��, ��ȡ�ø��ѵ�Ч��ڌ��H�OӋ��, Ŀǰ�ҹ�˾��@�N�p�ӽY��, ��λճ�N��z�d��, ��󽵵��܇��,��

3.3��p�ٲ��ǰ��

�Y�ό��H, ��Ҫ��ȡ��´�ʩ:

(1) ��Ƥ�͂ȇ��Ƥ��A��ˇ̎��, ��Ч��Ƥ�c�Ǽܵ��N�϶�, ��܇��·��a��Ą��; ��Ƥ�͂ȇ��Ƥ�ăȂ�ճ�N��(�箐��ճ��d) , ʹ��ɞ��ӽY��, �pС��,��

(2) ��픃���(��ϰ�) , ��·��׹Ą�, ��ڴ�픹Ǽ��о��ɂȺ��ÿv��λ��, ��о��ɂȹ̶��ݽz��Tᔡ�

(3) ��܇�Ȱ��b�w�e�^��w�r, �M��w�ڰ�Ą��, ��ӱڰ�ĺ�Ȼ��ڱڰ��ճ�N��, �p��·�治ƽ��ĹĄ��,��

(4) ��܇�ȸ��OӋ�бM��p��y��iֹ�o�̵Ĳ��(��T) , �Ԝp��·�治ƽ��,��

(5) ��b�ҕ�C��ˮ�C�ȴ��r, �ڵ��z��|, ��_��,��

(6) ��œ�Tֹ��Ͽ��z�l, ��œ�T��߅��Ӿ��_�K, œ�T�iֹ�o��, �o��, �M��a��,��

(7) ܇�ȸ��̶��ι�, ��Ӯa��

3.4��܇��ܷ��

܇��ܷ��ԑ��·��Կ��:

(1) ܇��ܷ��, �p��܇��Ă��; �ߙn��܇��ȫ��]܇��, �ɱ��܇��܇��Ă��,��

(2) �ӏ�܇�T��]��, �ڽY�Ͽp϶̎��Ï��ܷ��z�l(�p��z�l) �M��ܷ�, ��ۯB�T�Ϸ��ܷ�, ��ڻ��Ȳ��ӳ��z�l, �oՓ�ۯB�T�P�]߀�ǙM�򻬄Ӷ��c��o��N��, ��[�T��]�Դ��(y��u)��ͨ��ۯB�T, Ŀǰ��иߙn��܇��ȫ��[�T,��

(3) ��ڲٿv�U��̤��Ȼ�Ӽ�, ��b��z�o�׵ȏ��Լ�, �ӏ��ܷ�, �p��܇��ֱ�ӂ��,��

(4) ��ڹܾ��^��̎, ��l(f��)��,��L��c�ⲿ��B�Ľ��|̎, �ܷ��, ��ֹ܇��ֱ�ӂ��롣

(5) �ذ匦�Ӈ��, ��ڵذ�̶��, �ڵذ匦��̎, �ذ��c�ȇ��Ƚ��|̎, �M�д��z̎��,��

4��Y��Z

��܇��ķ��mȻ�ܶ�, ��Ҫ��Ч��܇��, ��횸��H��r, �C��\��܇��Ʒ��, ��ܠI��һ��|��,��m��{�˭h(hu��n)��

��īI:
[ 1 ]��1 ��܇��[M ]1 �ؑc: �ؑc��W��, 1994
[ 2 ]��1 ��܇��ӌW[M ]1 ��: ��ͨ��, 1990
[ 3 ]��֥�]1 ��W[M ]1 ��: �ߵȽ��, 1990
[ 4 ]��S��, ��1 ��܇�l(f��)�әC��œ��OӋ[J ]1 ��K��W�W��, 1995 (4) 13�� 17

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