�҇��С��н��̎��F(xi��n)��c��

��r�g��2014-02-12 07:33 ��Դ��һՓ�� : ��x��1830

ժ��Ҫ��S��҇��Ѹ�Ͱl(f��)չ��С��Ҳӭ��˰l(f��)չ��C,����󴺹S��ӿ��,��ˣ��S֮��ܵ��˂��ҕ�ľ��ǽ��̎�톖�},��ĽY�ϹP�ߵĹ��,��Ⱦ��С��н��̎��F(xi��n)��M��Ԕ��Ȼ��һЩ��O�ԵĽ��h,��Ԟ錍�`�ṩ��,��

�P�I�~��С��;��;̎��;�F(xi��n)��

һ��P��P��

��ܬF(xi��n)��ľ޴��|ؔ��ͬ�r,��˂��ò��ܳ��_,��@Щ��,��ռ�кܴ�ı��P�Y��@ʾ,��ÿ�fƽ��׽��ʩ��о͕��a��500t—600t�Ľ��U��,��ÿ��Hʩ��O�a��Ľ��U��п��ܳ��^��(sh��)�|��

��ǰ��й��̽��ā�Դ��,��һ��^��Ҋ��ʩ��,��b��Լ��w��ȣ��M�ɲ��ֻ��ͬ,��һ��u,��K��,��ɰ�{,��Ƭ��,��մ�,��ϡ�ľ��,��ȵ�,��ڹ��w��У��,��ɰ�{�ɴu,��ľģ�塢��K�Լ�䓽�ռ��U��75%��,��P�W�߽y(t��ng)Ӌ,��еľ��w�ɷ֌��ڲ�ͬ�Ľ��ͣ��U��ʵą^(q��)�e�^��,��҇��P�о��@ʾ��н��Դ�ڲ�ͬ�A�εĽ��,��ͬ�r��A�ήa��ɷֲ��M��ͬ��Ҳ��f,��ڽ��ʩ��^��,��P��OӋ�ˆT�Č��I(y��)��|��OӋ��,��g��˵Ĳ��,��ԭ��Լ��ˮƽ��н��^��Ӱ�;��b�޵��^��У��Դ��и��Ĳ��Ϻ�ʣ��Ĳ��;�ڲ𚧽��^��,��Įa��c��Ĺ��c�Y��P,��⣬ᘌ��ͬ��͵Ľ��,��ɷֵĻ��Ҳ��ͬ,��[1]

��,��ǰ�҇��С��н��̎��F(xi��n)��

(һ)�C��ʵͣ��P̎��ʽ��^��

��P�Y��@ʾ,��Ļ��,��Ӣ��48%��¼��63%,��ձ�65%,��Ї��_��؅^(q��)50%,��Ї��۵؅^(q��)80&(��и߼��ռ50%),��҇��Ļ��ʘO�ͣ��󲿷ֵĽ��]�н��^��̎��,��͕��\��P��l(xi��ng)��߽��^(q��),��ȡ��ķ�ʽ�M��̎��к��M�˲��M��Լ��\�Ľ��M,��\�Լ��ѷ��в��ɱ��ɷۉm,��ɳ�w�P�Ȇ��}��Ⱦ��܇��ĭh(hu��n)��,��

(��)��̎��M��M��

�mȻ�҇��1995��_�ˡ��й��w��̎��,��Ҫ��ڮa��P��T��Ҫ��r��U�{��P��̎��M��,��@�N��ʽ��Ч�Ķ�ס��Դ�^,��ͬ�r��Ҳ�]��ᵽ��YԴ��}��P��J��ڮ�ǰ�߂��|��A��r��,��ԓ��r�ĳ��_��P��YԴ��ķ��Ҏ(gu��)��,��

(��)��P�ķ��ɷ�Ҏ(gu��)��ȫ

��ǰ�mȻ�˂��YԴ��}�ѽ��J�R��ǲ��]�c��P��T�ĸ߶��ҕ,��Ҍ��Ҳ�]��ķ��ɷ�Ҏ(gu��),��ֹ��Щ�܉�ѭ�h(hu��n)��õĽ��Ҏ(gu��)��ռ��Լ��Ž��,��Щ��ý��a�ĮaƷ,��ґ�ԓ�o��Ķ��Ճ�(y��u)�ݡ�[2]

��,��С��н��̎�팦�߷��

(һ)��p��Դ�^

1.�ӏ��P��,��I(y��)�ĭh(hu��n)��R��L��ԁ�,��S�ཨ��ʩ��λ��ȡһ�N��΅s��M��̎��ʽ,��\��ָ��ăA��c��@��ʹ��ʩ��λ�ɞ�h(hu��n)��Ⱦ��,��ͬ�rҲ��һ��ܺ��,��,��횼Ӵ��ȣ��ʩ��λ�ĭh(hu��n)��R�]�J��Эh(hu��n)��؟��,��Շ��P�Ĺ�(ji��)�ܽ��ָ�˵�Ҫ��Ќ��D׃��λ,��ɞ��Ⱦ��ߡ�

2.�_�l(f��)�Լ��ƏV��(ji��)�ܽ��ĵ��¹�ˇ�c�¼��g,��Ҫ�Ĺ��̵Ĳ��x��,��OӋ��Դ�^�Ϝp�ٽ��ŷŔ�(sh��)��,��OӋ��ĕr��,�� ;��ԣ��M��îa��^�ٽ��ĽY��OӋ;�\�íh(hu��n)��ͽ��,��ڌ��S��,��Լ��P��ĕr�򲿷ֽY��ܡ��,��ڲ��ĕr��Ҫ�M��x��Բ𚧼��g,��ʹ�ý��е�ĳЩ��ϣ��ٲ��,��ľ��ܵȾS��ԭ��,��܉�ֱ�ӵ��ã�ͬ�r�ڲ��ǰ,��Ҫ��P�Ķ��M��A��Ĺ��,��m(x��)��ô��»��A��

3.��C��|��,��ǰ��Բ��̵Ľ��ǽ��Ҫ�M�ɲ��,��ռ��30%—70%��,��ڽ��ʩ��^��һ��Ҫ��ֹ͵��p�ϬF(xi��n)��İl(f��)��,��Ž^�Դγ�á��S��ķ��ȬF(xi��n)��,��_��|��,��Ķ��Ч�Ĝp�ٽ��ľS�ޡ��ӹ̹��,��,��^(q��)��Ҏ(gu��)��ę��Լ��L��ԣ��p�ٷ��Ĳ𚧽��,��߽��ʹ�É��,��

(��)��YԴ��

1.��ռ��̶ȡ��ǰ�҇��ڽ��̎��ʽ��ǻ��ռ�,��@��˟o��̎��Լ��YԴ��y��,��ռ��t��O��ڽ��YԴ��,��δ�Ɖĵ�ľ��܉�ֱ��ؽ��ʹ��,��Ɖć��صĄt��Գɞ��ĵ�ԭ��ϣ��ֱ��Á��켈;��ڏU��Ĵuʯ�Լ��Á��a�ּ��,��܉��^�õ��a��ͬ�ȏ��ȵĻ��ɰ�{�Ƚ��Ʒ,��Ĵּ��P�Ĺ̻��Ϻ��܉��Ч�đ��õ��··��;��ڏU�u��,��t��a��,��m��a��塢�شu,��u�Ƚ��Ʒ;��ڏU䓽��Լ��ٲ��,��܉�ֱ��û�t�M��P�Ļؠt�ӹ�;��ڏU��·��r��ϣ��܉��P�ı��ֱ��,��

2.�ӿ��̎��g��о��P��T�Լ�ʩ��λ��ԓ�e�OͶ�Y,��_չ��P��о��Լ��_�l(f��)��,��磬�аl(f��)��P��ķ��x��g��(chu��ng)��Լ��O��,��ý��̎��O��M��P�ķ��c�Y�x��;�о��P�Ļ��,��Y��Լ��M�ɲ��;�о��_�l(f��)�Gɫ��,��˽��P�ľ��w��a��g,��ʹ��ѭ�h(hu��n)��Ч�аl(f��)�Gɫ��ġ�

(��)��Ӌ��C�W�j��g,��Ƅ��̎��Įa�I(y��)��,��

��ᘌ��С��еĽ��ęz�yϵ�y(t��ng)��P��a�c��Ϣƽ�_,��и�Ч�ʵĽ��ռ��c̎��Ϣϵ�y(t��ng),��Ӌ��C��еĽ��Ч؞�ظ��N��̎��C��,��@��Ҫ��ʽʩ��ǰ��,��P��ʩ��λ��ԓ�ʂ��P��ʩ��C��Լ��OӋ�ļ��Y�ϵ��T��P��Ҫ��Ϣݔ��ϵ�y(t��ng),��ͬ�rԓϵ�y(t��ng)�܉��Ч�İ��ԓ�Ŀ��Ҏ(gu��)ģ��С

,��Լ�ʩ��g�ȷ��Ϣ�A�u��Įa��Ҵ_��Ļ��ó��Ȼ��P��̎��λҪ��P�ĳ��ռ��c̎��,��Юa��ͨ�^��P��λ�Č��˺��\��ʩ��λ,��^��У�Ӌ��C�W�j��ƽ��̎��ȫ�^��,��ͬ�r�ڲ�ͬ�A��ěQ��,��

(��)��T�e�O��c�䌍

��н��̎��һ헏��s��ϵ�y(t��ng)�Ĺ��̣��Pϵ��\ݔ,��a,��̎��c��õȲ�ͬ�h(hu��n)��(ji��)��漰��h(hu��n)��,��I(y��),��O��Ϣ��Լ��l(f��)��ί�Ȳ�ͬ�Ĺ��T,��,��ֻ�и��h(hu��n)��(ji��)֮�g�f(xi��)�{��ϡ��y(t��ng)һ��܉��γ��Ч��̎��,��Ќ��,��ȣ��P��T��ԓ��2005��6�³��_�ġ��н��Ҏ(gu��)��,��e�O�Ƅӽ��YԴ��,��p��o��ԭ�t,��,��P��T��ԓ��P��Ķ��C��{��y(t��ng)Ӌ��һ�ט˜ʵ��|��wϵ,��Լ��Ľ��ŷŔ�(sh��)��Ę˜�,��ͨ�^��P�ķ��Ҏ(gu��)��ʹ֮�ɞ��u�r��I(y��)��ˮƽ��Ҫ��ָ�ˡ��,��P��T��(zh��)��,��з��`��ؾ�,��[3]

��,��Y�Z

��С��н��̎�톖�}�ɞ鮔ǰ��й��Ҫ��}��,��ڳ��н��̎��F(xi��n)��,��ý��YԴ��̎��

��īI��

[1] �_��.��̽��̎��{��c��[J].�Ї��YԴ�C��,��2010(06).

[2] ��ѩ��.�U��ڽ��е��[J].��,��2012(02).

[3] ��o��.��ľ��̿ɳ��m(x��)�l(f��)չ֮·̽��[J].��2011(06).

����D�d��ǳ��ڂ��f��Ϣ֮Ŀ�ġ��Ё�Դ��ע�e�`��ַ��ĺϷ��,��Ո��߳֙��C��c��W(li��n)ϵ,��҂��r��h��,��x�x,��