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��ʯ��һ��о޴�ȱ��e,��΢�׵��,��һֱ�Á��̎��Ⱦ��,��ؽ��,��ЙC�����Ⱦ��,��ʯ��ڳ��a(ch��n)�ز�ͬ��,��Һ��ʯԭ�V�Ԏ��з��ʯ��ʯӢʯ�ȸ��s�|(zh��),��Ӱ��˺��ʯ��,��,��ʯԭ�V�M�и��Ǆ��ڱ��еġ��о��,��Ŀǰ�ĸ��Է��ɷ֞��,��,��ЙC��,��Եȣ��һ��Ժ��ʯֻ��̎��һ�M�֏Uˮ��S��I(y��)�İl(f��)չ,��Uˮ��ؽ��ٳɷ��s,��,��о�һ�N�µķ��ʯ��Ը��ԣ�ʹ��܉��Чȥ��Uˮ�ж�N�ؽ��,��

��Ĳ��ᡢ��ͬ�r��ʯ�M��(li��n)�ϸ��,��Cu2+,��Pb2+,��Zn2+��ُUˮ��Ŀ��Ⱦ��,��Ŀ��Ǟ��ُUˮ̎��ṩһ�l��Ч��;��

1 ��򞲿��

1.1 ��Ҫԇ��Ͳ��

��ʯԭ�V��̶��A̼�ع�˾�ṩ,��ʯ��20%,��仯�W�M��(�|(zh��)��ٷֱ�) ��: SiO2: 43.11%; Al2O3: 9.37%; MgO:10.15%; H2O-: 2.23%; CaO: 15.51%; �}��,��ˮ��~,��U��\��ԇ��; ��ˮ��һ��sˮ,��

1.2 ��Ҫ�x��

��ԡ��ʎ��(ZD-85) ; pH Ӌ(PHS-3C) ; ԭ��շֹ��Ӌ(WFX-IF2B) ; ��ʽ��t(SX-12-16) ,��

1.3 ��Ժ��ʯ��Ƃ�

�ò�ͬ��ȵ�HCl ��Һ��30 ��½��ݺ��ʯ��ͬ�r�g��Һ�̱Ȟ�20��1,��,��ٽ�(j��ng)��ͬ�ضȱ��4 h��ĥ�^80 Ŀ�Y,��,��

1.4 �o�B(t��i)��

��ˮ��~,��U,��\��sˮ��50 mg /L ��Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+��ģ�M�Uˮ,��ͬ��ȵ��ˮ ��ģ�M�Uˮ�c��sˮ��,��ȡ50mL�Uˮ��250mL��F��ƿ�У��{(di��o)��(ji��)pHֵ,��ں�ؚ�ԡ��,��һ��Ժ��ʯ��ͬ�Č��Ҫ��,��׃��l��,��M��ʎ��(120 r /min) ��ȡ��Һ�y��ٝ��,��(j��)��ǰ��Һ�е��x�ӝ��Ӌ��:

�� = (C0-Ci)×100%/C0

ʽ��:��——��,��%

C0��Ci——��ʼ,��ĩ��x�ӵĝ��,��mg/L

2 �Y(ji��)��cӑՓ

2.1 ��Ȍ�Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

�քe��0.4,��0.5,��0.6��0.7,��0.8,��0.9��1.0 mol /L ��ȵ�HCl��ʯ�M��,��M�П��,��r�g120 min��x�ӳ�ʼ��50 mg /L,��Ժ��ʯͶ��4 g /L��pH ��7.0,��ض�35 ��l��,��첻ͬ��Ȍ��Ժ��ʯ��Ч��Ӱ푣��Y(ji��)��D1��ʾ,��

�D1 ��Ȍ�Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

�ɈD��֪,��Ȍ��ʯ��Ӱ��^��,��ȏ�0.4 mol /L ��0.9 mol /L �r��Ժ��ʯ��x�ӵ��Ҳ�S֮��,��Ȟ�0.9 mol /L �r��,��@��͝���ڱ��ֺ��ʯ�ĽY(ji��)��Y(ji��)��(g��u)�ΑB(t��i)��׃��ǰ��,��ȥ��ʯ�V�Ĺ��s�|(zh��)��ʯ,��Ҳ��ʹ��Ǽ��V��Ó��M��ͨ��ʯ�Ŀ׵�[8],��ܵ��,��S��ȵ��ӣ��ʯ����Ч��Խ��,��Ǯ��^�ߕr,��^��ĹǼ��VÓ��^�࣬��׵�̮��,��Ķ��º��ʯ��D(zhu��n)��,��

2.2 ���r�g��Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

��0.9 mol /L ��HCl ��ʯ�M��10,��13,��17��20,��24,��29��36,��43 h ��ͬ�r�g��,��M�П��ԡ��r�g120 min,��pH ��7.0,��x�ӳ�ʼ��50 mg /L��Ժ��ʯͶ��4 g /L,��ض�35 ��l��,��첻ͬ���r�g��Ժ��ʯ��Ч��Ӱ푣��Y(ji��)��D2 ��ʾ,��

�ɈD2 ��֪��Ժ��ʯ��x�ӵ��S���r�g��Ӷ��,���r�g��29 h �r��Ժ��ʯ��x�ӵ��_��ֵ,��Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+��ȥ��ʷքe��83.4%��80.9%,��78.8%��@֮��Ժ��ʯ��½�,��@���r�g�^�L��ʹ��ʯ�Y(ji��)��Y(ji��)��(g��u)�⵽�Ɖ�,��½��

�D2 ���r�g��Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

2.3 ��ضȌ�Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

��200,��300��400,��450��500 �治ͬ��ضȌ��ѽ�(j��ng)�^���ĺ��ʯ�M�П��,��r�g120 min��x�ӳ�ʼ��50 mg /L,��Ժ��ʯͶ��4 g /L,��pH ��7.0,��ض�35 ��l��£��첻ͬ��ضȌ��Ժ��ʯ��Ч��Ӱ�,��Y(ji��)��D3 ��ʾ,��

�D3 ��ضȌ�Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

�ɈD3 ��֪,��S��ضȵ��,��Ժ��ʯ��x�ӵ��Ҳ��u��󣬮��ضȞ�450 ��r,��_��ֵ,��֮��D(zhu��n)��͡��@��麣��ʯ�ڵ͜�̎��A�΃�(n��i)��ˮ(��w�S�g��ˮ�Ϳ׵��(n��i)��ʯˮ) ��,��γ��µĻ��,��ʹSi-OH ��D(zhu��n)׃��Si-O ��w�Y(ji��)��(g��u),��Ķ��U��˾��w�е�ͨ��,��ҽY(ji��)��(g��u)��ܲ�׃��ȱ��e��,��ߣ��,��ضȸ��450 ��r��ʯ�Y(ji��)��a(ch��n)��ۯB��,��ɱ��e�pС,��ߵĜضȕ�ʹ�w�Sճ�Y(ji��)�;o�s,��׵��Ŀ׏��pС��ʹ�ȱ��e��,��S֮�½�,��

2.4 ��ʼpH ֵ��Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

��r�g120 min,��x�ӳ�ʼ��50 mg /L��Ժ��ʯͶ��4 g /L,��pH �քe��3.0,��5.0��6.0,��7.0��8.0,��10.0,��ض�35 ��l��£��ʼpH ֵ��Ժ��ʯ��Ч��Ӱ�,��Y(ji��)��D4��ʾ,��

�ɈD4 ��֪��ؽ��x�ӵ�ȥ��S��pH ֵ��u��,��pH ֵ�_��7 �r,��Ժ��ʯ��N��x�Ӷ��кܺõ��ã��^��ʹ��Ч��,��@��鮔pH<5.0�r,��Ě��x��ռ��(j��)�˺��ʯ�Ŀ�Ѩ��ڽ��x��,��pH �^�ߕr,��ˮ�wϵ�К��x�ӝ��ӣ�ʹˮ�еĲ��ֽ��x��Cu2+,��Pb2+,��Zn2+�c��Y(ji��)�ϣ��ɚ��,��˽��x��ȥ��Ч��,��Y(ji��)��C��pH ��ڻ��7.0 �Ǹ��Ժ��ʯ��x��,��

�D4 ��ʼpH ֵ��Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

2.5 ��ʼ��Ȍ�Cu2+,��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

��r�g120 min,��x�ӳ�ʼ��ȷքe��20��30,��40,��50��60 mg /L,��Ժ��ʯͶ��4 g /L,�� pH ��7.0��ض�35 ��l��,��ʼ��Ȍ��Ժ��ʯ��Ч��Ӱ�,��Y(ji��)��D5 ��ʾ��

�ɈD5 ��֪,��S��ؽ��x�ӳ�ʼ��ȵ��,��ȥ��ʳ��u�½��څ�ݣ��@��ڸ��Ժ��ʯͶ��һ��r��,��ؽ��x�ӵ��޵�,��ؽ��x�ӝ��ߕr��ȥ��ʾ��,��,��Ժ��ʯ��ؽ��x�Ӻ󣬱��늺��c�ؽ��x��ͬ,��,��_��һ��r��ʯ�c�Uˮ�е��ؽ��֮�g�a(ch��n)��o��ų��,��Ķ�Ӱ��˸��Ժ��ʯ��ؽ��x�ӵ��,��

�D5 ��ʼ��Ȍ�Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+ȥ��Ч��Ӱ�

2.6 Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+�ڸ��Ժ��ʯ�ϵ��Ȝؾ�

��Ժ��ʯ��Cu2+,��Pb2+,��Zn2+��ͨ�^Freundlich�Ȝ�ʽ�M�ДM��,��M�ϽY(ji��)��Ҋ��1,��D6��ɱ�1 ��֪,��F(xi��n)reundlich��̌�Cu2+,��Pb2+��Zn2+�M�ϵ�R2ֵ��ӽ��0.9,��ܺܺ��Ժ��ʯ��x�ӵ��Ȝؾ�,��Freundlich ��1 /nֵ��Ժ��ʯ��x��õď��ָ��,��0.1< 1 /n<0.5��ʾ��M��,��ɱ�1 �ɿ��,��Ժ��ʯ��Cu2+��Pb2+,��Zn2+��F(xi��n)��,��