ú��Uˮ��̽ӑ

��r�g��2009-11-17 16:16 ��Դ�� : ��ўI ��СϪ ��x��1534

ժҪ��ú��I(y��)��ˮ��ÿ��Ч�؜p�p�h(hu��n)��Ⱦ��ֿɽ�Q��ǰ��ˮ�YԴ��ȱ��},��ЏV��đ��ǰ��ͬF(xi��n)��x,��B��Ŀǰ ��õĹ��I(y��)��ˮ��g��Ҍ��Iú��˾�Uˮ��õĿ��M��̽ӑ��

�P�I�~��ú��Uˮ,��ã��ü��g

��

ˮ��ʮ��Ҫ�ֺ��Ȼ�YԴ,��ه��Ļ��|,��ɳ��m(x��)�l(f��)չ��Ƽs��ء��˿ڵĄ��(j��ng)��w�ٰl(f��)չ��ˮ��L�ٶ��@��,��ˮ�� M��ˮ�YԴ��Ⱦ,��ˮ�YԴ�Ķ�ȱ�ѽ�(j��ng)�ɞ鮔��R��(zh��n)֮һ[1],��ÿ��,��ˮ��ˮ��,��I(y��)��Ǵ��,��挦��ˮ��ȱ,��ˮ�r�u�q�ĬF(xi��n)��I(y��)��M��˾�Uˮѭ�h(hu��n)��,��ѭ��,��ˮ��؏�� [2]��

ú��I(y��)��ˮ��,��ŷŵďUˮ��Ҫ��Դ��ú��,��ú��a(ch��n)Ʒ��վ��Ƶ��^��[3]��ԓUˮˮ��,��ˮ�|��s,��ԷӺͰ� ��[4]��Һ��д��(li��n)��,�� ж��Ⱦ���Դ�[5],��粻��(j��ng)�^��̎�� ˮ�w��ˮ��߅��r(n��ng)��ɇ�� Σ��,��ˣ��Ό��F(xi��n)ú��I(y��)�_��,��p��ŷ��P��H��Ĵ��,��ͨ�^һ��̎��ˇ��ú��I(y��)��ˮ̎��ˇ�ĳ�ˮ��M һ��̎��ŷŵ��ˮ��,��H�� Ծ��ˮ��,��ҿ��Ԍ��F(xi��n)ú��I(y��)�U ˮ��ŷš��F(xi��n)�͹��Iú��˾��ˮ̎��ˇ��ˮ��õĿ��M�з��,��Ռ��F(xi��n)ú��S��ŷŵ�Ŀ��,��

1.��ˮ��ü��g

��ˮ��̎��g��ÙC��ͬ�ɷ֞��W̎��,��̎��Ĥ̎���

1.1�ﻯ̎��

�ﻯ̎��Ի��g�ͻ��̿��g��,��(j��)ˮ�|�Ĳ�ͬ�ɲ��ò�ͬ��̎��,��Еr�Ƀ��߽Y��ʹ�á��ﻯ̎��Ͷ�Y�ɱ��^��,��\�гɱ��^��,��l��Ӱ��^С��ˮˮ�|��^��(w��n)��,��

1.2��̎��

��̎��Ҫ��Mһ��ȥ��Uˮ�пɽ��ЙC��Լ�ˮ�а��ȥ��,��ú��΢��Ĥ̎��g��̎��g�m��^��Ҏ(gu��)ģ��̎��,��̳��Ͷ�Y�^��,��\�гɱ��^�͡�

1.3 Ĥ̎��

Ĥ̎��ˇ��̎��̎��֮ �g,��̎��Ԫ��Ĥ��ﷴ��,��Ĥ̎�� g��Ч��,��{,��(ji��)�ܺ͹�ˇ�� c��ѽ�(j��ng)��V��ؑ��ˮ��I��,��S�� 칤ˇ��,��J��ʮ�ְ��F��Ĥ̎ ��g��׃��Խ��Խ��(j��ng)��ˣ��к܏��ĸ� ��,��F(xi��n)�ڑ��õ��^��Ĥ̎��g��΢�V,��{ ��^�V��V,��B͸��,��

2 �Uˮ��̽ӑ

2.1��ÿ��̽ӑ

��Iú��˾��a(ch��n)ú��U ˮ��Ҫ��ú�⻯�Uˮ,��к��д��ķӰ�� Ⱦ��,��Դ�̎��y�Ⱥܴ�,��Խ��˾�ԁ�,�� ҹ�˾��̎��ˇ��(j��ng)�^��м��Ŭ��,��U ˮ̎��ˇ��ˮ�K�ڝM��һ��ŷŘ˜�,�� F(xi��n)�_��ŷš��Ό��F(xi��n)�Uˮ��ã��_ ��ŷŘ˜�߀��Ҫ��̽ӑ,��

��I(y��)��ˮ��Ҫ�M��ׂ�Ҫ�󣺌� ��a(ch��n)�Įa(ch��n)Ʒ�|��a(ch��n)��Ӱ�,��w�� h(hu��n)��|��B(t��i)��a(ch��n)��Ӱ�,��ˮԴˮ�� |��ˮ��Եõ��,��̎��ˇ��(j��ng)�� У��Ͷ�Y��I(y��)��ؓ��,��ˮ�r��Ҫ�и�� ,��̎��ˮ��(w��n)��ˮ�|��ʹ��ˮ �Ę˜�,��д�Ҏ(gu��)ģ̎��Ŀ��[6],��

�ҹ�˾��]�Uˮ��Ҫ�ǳ��ڌ��h(hu��n)��B(t��i)�ı��o��Uˮ̎��ˇ��ˮ�mȻ�_��ˇ��ŷŘ˜�,��һЩ�ж��к��|,��@Щ��|��뵽ˮ�w��Ҳ��B(t��i)�h(hu��n)��a(ch��n)��Ӱ푣��ҹ�˾�Uˮ��ÿ��Ч�ؾ��^(q��)��B(t��i)�h(hu��n)��,��ͬ�r,��ҹ�˾�C�ϏUˮ̎��ˇ�ĳ�ˮˮ�|��Է�(w��n)��һ��ԃ�(n��i)��ϵ�y(t��ng)��ͣ��r�g�^�L,��˾��кܴ�ľ��_��,��ˮˮ��^��(w��n)��@�͞�Uˮ��ṩ��,��ˮָ��1��ʾ��

2.2��ü��g�x��̽ӑ

��ˮ��ü��g��Ҫ�ڿ��з��(n��i)�M��һ ��ļ��gָ��,��ҹ�˾��ˮ��Ҫ�� ѭ�h(hu��n)��sˮϵ�y(t��ng),��҇��ˮ��s��ˮ�� ˮ�|��ָ��2��ʾ[7]��

�ҹ�˾�Uˮ̎��ˇ��ˮ��Ҫָ��cѭ�h(hu��n)��sˮ��ָ��M�б��^��Կ��,��ҹ�˾�ďUˮˮ�|��^�m��ѭ�h(hu��n)��sˮ��,��Ҫͨ�^һ��̶ȵ�̎��

��ˮ��ü��g��֪Ŀǰ��^ ��õķ��,��̎��^�͵� �\�гɱ�,��ҹ�˾�ďUˮ��(j��ng)�^�༉��̎�� Ժ��ˮ��ϛ]�п��,�� ̎��^��߀��Ҫ��~��ĠI�B(y��ng)��|�� M��΢��L��,��̎�� m��ҹ�˾��ˮ��̎��Ĥ̎�� ˮ�е��Ⱦ��кܺõ�ȥ��Ч��,�� (n��i)��Ĥ��ˮƽҲ��u��,��ɱ�� Ȼ��^�ߣ�Ĥ��ϴ�͸��Q��^��ﻯ�� \�к��,��Ͷ�YҎ(gu��)ģС,��ˮˮ�|�^�ã��,�� ^�m��ҏS�Č��H��r,�� ˇ�ͿɝM��ѭ�h(hu��n)��sˮ�Ļ��Ø˜ʡ�

3 �YՓ

��ú�⻯�Uˮ��ѭ�h(hu��n)��sˮϵ�y(t��ng)�� M��̽ӑ,��Č��B(t��i)�h(hu��n)��Ӱ�,�� ˮԴ��ˮ�|ˮ��ˮ��x��̎�� ȷ��U��˹��Iú��˾�Uˮ��õĿ� ��,��J��x��ﻯ̎��ȃr��ҹ�˾ Ŀǰ�Č��H��r,��Iú��˾��F(xi��n)�� ŷŵ�Ŀ��ṩһЩ��

��īI
[1]��.�\Մ��ˮ��ü��g[J].�Ƽ��(chu��ng)��,�� 2008,��3��70-71.
[2]�R��ϼ.��ˮ��ǰ��䌍�H��x[J].�Ƽ� ��_�l(f��)�c��(j��ng)��2008,��18��20��212-213.
[3]��.ú�⻯��a(ch��n)��I(y��)�Uˮ�C��õĿ� ��̽ӑ[J].��ú̿,��2004��129��3��24-25.
[4]��־��,��Տ�.��Uˮ̎��о��ӑB(t��i)[J]. �Ƽ��_�l(f��)�c��(j��ng)��,��2007��17��9��128-130.
[5]��־��,��O��h,�� ܆��.��Uˮ�� y��ЙC��Ⱦ�� [J].�L�� W�W��Ȼ�ƌW �棩��2002,��22��1�� 77-79.
[6]��,��[��.�P �ڹ��I(y��)��ˮ��õ� �ׂ��}[J].��Ͻo ��ˮ��2006,��28��2�� 29-31.
[7]GB/T 50335- 2002,��ˮ�� ù��OӋҎ(gu��)��[S]. ؟�ξ�݋��

����D�d��ǳ��ڂ��f��Ϣ֮Ŀ�ġ��Ё�Դ��ע�e�`��ַ��ĺϷ��,��Ո��߳֙��C��c��W(w��ng)(li��n)ϵ,��҂��r��h��,��x�x,��