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1.ˮ��ֵ

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        ˮ��ʵĴ�С,��cˮ�к��}��Ķ��,��ˮ��x�ӝ�ȡ��x�ӵ�늺ɔ�(sh��)�Լ��x�ӵ��\(y��n)��ٶ��P(gu��n),��,��ˮ��ʺܴ󣬳��ˮ��ʾ͸��,��ˮԽ��,��Խ��

2.)ˮ��늌�(d��o)��

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3.ˮ��Ӳ��

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        ˮ��Ӳ�Ȍ�偠t��ˮ��Ӱ푺ܴ�,��ˣ��(y��ng)��(j��)��N��ͬ��(sh��)偠t��ˮ�|(zh��)��Ҫ��ˮ�M(j��n)��ܛ��}̎��,��

        Ӳ�ȵĆ�λ��õ��mmol/L��mg/L��^ȥ��õĮ�(d��ng)��N��ͣ��,��Q��r,��1N=0.5mol/L

        ��Ӳ�Ȳ��Ɇ�һ�Ľ��x�ӻ��}��γɵģ��,��һ��y(t��ng)һ�ı��^��(bi��o)��(zh��n),��б�Ҫ�Q��һ�N�}�ͨ��Ca0��CaCO3��|(zh��)��ȁ��ʾ,��(d��ng)Ӳ�Ȟ�0.5mmol/L�r,��28mg/L��CaO��50mg/L��CaCO3,��,��Ҳ�е��õ��ȡ��ȁ��ʾӲ��,��1��ȵ��10mg/L��CaO,��1��ȵ��10mg/L��CaCO3��0.5mmol/L�ஔ(d��ng)��208��,��5.0��,��Ӳ�Ȇ�λ֮�g��P(gu��n)ϵ��±��

Ӳ�Ȇ�λ	mmol/L	mN	��	��	CaO(mg/L)	CaCO3/(mg/L)
mmol/L	1	2	5.6077	10.0086	56.077	100.086
mN	0.5	1	2.8039	5.0043	28.039	50.043
��	0.17833	0.35665	1	1.7848	10.0000	17.848
��	0.09991	0.19983	0.5603	1	5.6029	10.0000
CaO(mg/L)	0.017833	0.025665	0.1000	0.17848	1	1.7848
CaCO3/(mg/L)	0.009991	0.01998	0.05603	0.1000	0.5603	1

4.ˮ��pHֵ

        ˮ��pHֵ�Ǳ�ʾˮ�К��x�ӝ�ȵ�ؓ(f��)��(sh��)��ʾ�飺pH=-lg[H+]

        pHֵ�ЕrҲ�Q��x��ָ��(sh��),��ˮ�К��x�ӵĝ�ȿ��֪��ˮ��Һ�ǳʉA��,��Ի��ԡ��ښ��x�ӝ�ȵĔ�(sh��)ֵ��С,��ڑ�(y��ng)��Ϻܲ��,��Ծ��pHֵ��@һ��ˮ��Һ��,��A�Ե��Д�ָ��(bi��o),��ң��x�ӝ�ȵ�ؓ(f��)��(sh��)ֵ��ǡ�ܱ��F(xi��n)��,��A�Ե�׃��ȵĔ�(sh��)��Ĵ�С,��@�ӑ�(y��ng)��ʮ�ַ��,��˵õ��

        (1)��ˮ��Һ��pH=-lg[H+]=-lg10-7=7,��

        (2)��ˮ��Һ,��pH<7��pHֵԽС,��ʾ��Խ��(qi��ng),��

        (3)�A��ˮ��Һ��pH>7,��pHֵԽ��,��ʾ��Խ��(qi��ng)��

��pHֵ(��,��A��)��ˮ�|(zh��)�M(j��n)һ��Ԕ��(x��)��,��Եõ��

        (1)��(qi��ng)��ˮ��Һ��pH<5.0,��

        (2)��(qi��ng)��ˮ��Һ,��pH=5.0-6.4��

        (3)��ˮ��Һ,��pH=6.5-8.0,��

         (4)��A��ˮ��Һ��pH=8.1-10.1,��

         (5)��(qi��ng)�A��ˮ��Һ,��pH>10.0��

5.ˮ�еđҸ��|(zh��)

        ˮ�еđҸ��|(zh��)��΢��ֱ��s��10-4mm��ϵ�΢��,��ۿ�Ҋ,��@Щ΢��Ҫ��ɳ��ճ��,��ԭ��,����(x��)��,��Լ��߷��ЙC(j��)��ȽM��,��Ҹ��ˮ��֮�У��a(ch��n)��ˮ�Ļ��F(xi��n)��,��@Щ΢��ܲ��(w��n)��,��ͨ�^��^�V��ȥ��ˮ��o�õĕr��,��ص�΢��(��Ҫ��ɳ�Ӻ�ճ��һğo�C(j��)��|(zh��))��,��p��΢��(��Ҫ�Ǆ�ֲ��䚈��һ��ЙC(j��)��)��ˮ��ϣ��^�V�ȷ��x�ķ��ȥ��,��Ҹ��ɻ��,��ɫ��,��ζ��Ҫ��Դ��ˮ�еĺ��Ҳ��(w��n)��,��S��(ji��),��؅^(q��)�Ĳ�ͬ��ͬ��